Attempts to mechanize this process have been unsuccessful, so workers still do it by hand, making it a time-consuming, labour-intensive process. The next stage involves cracking the argan nut to obtain the argan kernels. In modern practice, the peels are removed by hand. The kernels are then later retrieved from the goat droppings, considerably reducing the labour involved in extraction at the expense of some potential gustatory aversion. A tradition in some areas of Morocco allows goats to climb argan trees to feed freely on the fruits. Moroccans usually use the flesh as animal feed. Some producers remove the flesh mechanically without drying the fruit. To extract the kernels, workers first dry argan fruit in the open air and then remove the fleshy pulp. Įxtraction is key to the production process. It takes about 40 kilograms (88 lb) of dried argan fruit to produce only one litre of oil. Extraction yields from 30% to 50% of the oil in the kernels, depending on the method. The nut contains one to three oil-rich argan kernels. The pulp surrounds a hard-shelled nut that represents about 25% of the weight of the fresh fruit.
The fruit of the argan tree is small, and round, oval, or conical. The production of argan oil by traditional methods As of 2020, the main cosmetics products containing argan oil are face creams, lip glosses, shampoos, moisturizers, and soaps. Since the early 2000s argan oil has been increasingly used in cosmetics and hair care preparations. It is produced by grinding roasted almond and argan oil using stones, and then mixing the argan oil and almonds in honey.
Amlu, a thick brown paste with a consistency similar to peanut butter, is used locally as a bread dip. In Morocco, the oil is used for culinary purposes e.g, dipping bread, salad dressings or on couscous. ĭepending on the extraction method, argan oil may be more resistant to oxidation than olive oil. The main natural phenols in argan oil are caffeic acid, oleuropein, vanillic acid, tyrosol, catechol, resorcinol, (−)- epicatechin and (+)- catechin. Īrgan oil contains tocopherols (vitamin E), phenols, carotenes, squalene, and fatty acids (80% unsaturated). Total water and sewer bill = $10.53 + $14.82 = $25.Argan oil consists mostly of fatty acids: Fatty acidĪrgan oil has a relative density at 20 ☌ (68 ☏) ranging from 0.906 to 0.919. Total water and sewer bill = $123.75 + $53.39 = $177.14 EXAMPLE 3:Ĭustomer is connected to water and sewer and used 1,540 gallons for the month of September. Total water and sewer bill = $25.69 + $35.76 = $61.45 EXAMPLE 2:Ĭustomer is connected to water and sewer and used 35,000 gallons of water through the main meter and 26,000 gallons through an emeter for lawn irrigation for August.
ARGEN WATER HOW TO
Here are a couple of examples of how to calculate your water and sewer bill: EXAMPLE 1:Ĭustomer is connected to water and sewer and used 5,800 gallons of water for the month of May:įirst 2,000 gallons would be $10.53 (base rate for a 5/8” meter) If you do not have an emeter and would like more details, see our Residential Emeter Policy.įor up to the first 2,000 gallons per month:
In the event you have an emeter, the emeter is used to give you a credit on the sewer portion of a bill. Typical emeter uses include irrigation, plant watering, washing cars, power washing and filling pools. An emeter is a separate meter that measures the amount of water used that is not returned to the sewer. In some cases a customer has purchased an emeter. The next 18,000 gallons per month: $5.51/thousand gallonsĪll over 20,000 gallons per month: $3.89/thousand gallons For a 5/8” water meter the corresponding sewer rates are: Your sewer bill is based on the amount of water that goes through your water meter. The next 18,000 gallons per month: $3.99/thousand gallonsĪll over 20,000 gallons per month: $2.76/thousand gallons The water rates for a 5/8” water meter are: (this calculation is based on rates)įor up to the first 2,000 gallons per month: Base Rate Most residential water services are 5/8” water meters.
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